Protocol - Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - Specific - Tobacco
- Alcohol - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency
- Alcohol - Lifetime Use Disorder
- Cigarette Nicotine Dependence
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adolescents
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adults - Binge-Drinking
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adolescents
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Lifetime
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Past 12 Months
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Drugs
- Substances - 30-Day Frequency
- Substances - Lifetime Abuse and Dependence
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adolescent
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adult
Description
The Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (Brief WISDM) consists of 37 questions spanning 11 subscales about the respondent’s reasons for cigarette smoking. Each question is answered on a seven-point scale ranging from 1 for "Not true of me at all" to 7 for "Extremely true of me." The Brief WISDM was developed from the full 68-item WISDM.
Specific Instructions
These questions are only asked if a respondent had answered affirmatively one of the questions in the "Tobacco - Smoking Status" measure.
The Substance Abuse and Addiction Working Group acknowledges that the following questions may gather sensitive information relating to the use of substances and/or illegal conduct. If the information is released, it might be damaging to an individual’s employability, lead to social stigmatization, or lead to other consequences.
Most researchers assure confidentiality as part of their informed consent process, as required by their institutional review boards. Further assurance of confidentiality may be obtained by applying to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for a Certificate of Confidentiality, which helps researchers protect the privacy of human research participants. The procedures for the Certificate of Confidentiality can be found at the Grants Policy website of NIH: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/policy/coc/index.htm.
Availability
Protocol
Below are a series of statements about cigarette smoking. Please rate your level of agreement for each using the following scale. There are no right or wrong answers.
1. I often smoke without thinking about it
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
2. Cigarettes control me
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
3. I usually want to smoke right after I wake up
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
4. It’s hard to ignore an urge to smoke
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
5. The flavor of a cigarette is pleasing
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
6. I frequently smoke to keep my mind focused
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
7. I rely upon smoking to control my hunger and eating
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
8. My life is full of reminders to smoke
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
9. Smoking helps me feel better in seconds
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
10. I smoke without deciding to
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
11. Cigarettes keep me company, like a close friend
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
12. There are particular sights and smells that trigger strong urges to smoke
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
13. Smoking helps me stay focused
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
14. I frequently light cigarettes without thinking about it
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
15. Most of my daily cigarettes taste good
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
16. Sometimes I feel like cigarettes rule my life
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
17. I frequently crave cigarettes
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
18. Most of the people I spend time with are smokers
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
19. Weight control is a major reason that I smoke
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
20. Some of the cigarettes I smoke taste great
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
21. I’m really hooked on cigarettes
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
22. Sometimes I feel like cigarettes are my best friends
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
23. My urges to smoke keep getting stronger if I don’t smoke
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
24. Seeing someone smoke makes me really want a cigarette
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
25. I find myself reaching for cigarettes without thinking about it
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
26. I would feel alone without my cigarettes
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
27. A lot of my friends or family smoke
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
28. Other smokers would consider me a heavy smoker
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
29. When I haven’t been able to smoke for a few hours, the craving gets intolerable
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
30. Most of my friends and acquaintances smoke
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
31. I smoke within the first 30 minutes of awakening in the morning
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
32. Smoking helps me think better
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
33. Smoking really helps me feel better if I’ve been feeling down
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
34. Smoking keeps me from overeating
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
35. My smoking is out of control
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
36. I consider myself a heavy smoker
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
37. Even when I feel good, smoking helps me feel better
1 [ ] Not true of me at all
2[ ]
3[ ]
4[ ]
5[ ]
6[ ]
7 [ ] Extremely true of me
Scoring Procedure and Interpretation
| Brief WISDM subscale | Scoring procedure |
| Affiliative Attachment | Mean of items 11, 22, 26 |
| Automaticity | Mean of items 1, 10, 14, 25 |
| Loss of Control | Mean of items 2, 16, 21, 35 |
| Cognitive Enhancement | Mean of items 6, 13, 32 |
| Craving | Mean of items 4, 17, 23, 29 |
| Cue Exposure/Associative Processes | Mean of items 8, 12, 24 |
| Social/Environmental Goads | Mean of items 18, 27, 30 |
| Taste | Mean of items 5, 15, 20 |
| Tolerance | Mean of items 3, 28, 31, 36 |
| Weight Control | Mean of items 7, 19, 34 |
| Affective Enhancement | Mean of items 9, 33, 37 |
| Total Score | Sum of means for the 11 subscales |
The scoring scheme reflects factors identified in the original publications. Factor structure may differ in individual studies.
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult, Senior
Participants
Adults aged 18 years and older
Selection Rationale
The Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM) is widely used. The Brief WISDM has been found to be comparable with the full WISDM in terms of internal consistency, concurrent validity, model fit, predictive validity, and long-term stability (Smith et al., 2010).
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Addictive behavior | HP:0030858 | HPO |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP 3) reviewed the measures in Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, and Substance Abuse and Addiction domains.
Guidance from ERP 3 includes:
• No significant changes to measure
Back-compatible: NA no changes to Data Dictionary
Protocol Name from Source
Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (Brief WISDM)
Source
Piper, M. E., Piasecki, T. M., Federman, E. B., Bolt, D. M., Smith, S. S., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2004). A multiple motives approach to tobacco dependence: The Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(2), 139-154.
Smith, S. S., Piper, M. E., Bolt, D. M., Fiore, M. C., Wetter, D. W., Cinciripini, P. M., & Baker, T. B. (2010). Development of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (Brief WISDM). Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 12(5), 489-499.
General References
Piasecki, T. M., Piper, M. E., & Baker, T. B. (2010). Refining the tobacco dependence phenotype using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives: II. Evidence from a laboratory self-administration assay. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119(3), 513-523.
Piasecki, T. M., Piper, M. E., Baker, T. B., & Hunt-Carter, E. E. (2011). WISDM primary and secondary dependence motives: Associations with self-monitored motives for smoking in two college samples. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 114(2-3), 207-216.
Protocol ID
520504
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX520504_Cigarettes_Best_Friends | ||||
| PX520504220000 | Sometimes I feel like cigarettes are my best more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Cigarettes_Control_Me | ||||
| PX520504020000 | Cigarettes control me | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Cigarettes_Keep_Me_Company | ||||
| PX520504110000 | Cigarettes keep me company, like a close friend | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Cigarettes_Rule_My_Life | ||||
| PX520504160000 | Sometimes I feel like cigarettes rule my life | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Cigarette_Flavor_Is_Pleasing | ||||
| PX520504050000 | The flavor of a cigarette is pleasing | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Feel_Alone_Without_Cigarettes | ||||
| PX520504260000 | I would feel alone without my cigarettes | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Frequently_Crave_Cigarettes | ||||
| PX520504170000 | I frequently crave cigarettes | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX520504_Friends_Or_Family_Smoke | ||||
| PX520504270000 | A lot of my friends or family smoke | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Hard_To_Ignore_Urge_Smoke | ||||
| PX520504040000 | It's hard to ignore an urge to smoke | N/A | ||
| PX520504_I_Consider_Myself_Heavy_Smoker | ||||
| PX520504360000 | I consider myself a heavy smoker | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Light_Cigarettes_Without_Thinking | ||||
| PX520504140000 | I frequently light cigarettes without more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Most_Cigarettes_Taste_Good | ||||
| PX520504150000 | Most of my daily cigarettes taste good | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Most_Friends_Acquantances_Smoke | ||||
| PX520504300000 | Most of my friends and acquaintances smoke | N/A | ||
| PX520504_People_Spend_Time_With_Smoke | ||||
| PX520504180000 | Most of the people I spend time with are smokers | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Reaching_For_Cigarettes_Without_Thinking | ||||
| PX520504250000 | I find myself reaching for cigarettes more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Really_Hooked_On_Cigarettes | ||||
| PX520504210000 | I'm really hooked on cigarettes | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Reminders_To_Smoke | ||||
| PX520504080000 | My life is full of reminders to smoke | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Seeing_Someone_Smoke | ||||
| PX520504240000 | Seeing someone smoke makes me really want a more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Sights_Smells_Trigger_Urge_Smoke | ||||
| PX520504120000 | There are particular sights and smells that more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smokers_Consider_Me_Heavy_Smoker | ||||
| PX520504280000 | Other smokers would consider me a heavy smoker | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoke_For_Weight_Control | ||||
| PX520504190000 | Weight control is a major reason that I smoke | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoke_Right_After_Wake | ||||
| PX520504030000 | I usually want to smoke right after I wake up | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoke_To_Keep_Focused | ||||
| PX520504060000 | I frequently smoke to keep my mind focused | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoke_Within_30Minutes_Of_Awakening | ||||
| PX520504310000 | I smoke within the first 30 minutes of more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoke_Without_Deciding | ||||
| PX520504100000 | I smoke without deciding to | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoke_Without_Thinking | ||||
| PX520504010000 | I often smoke without thinking about it | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoking_Craving_Gets_Intolerable | ||||
| PX520504290000 | When I haven't been able to smoke for a few more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoking_Feel_Better_In_Seconds | ||||
| PX520504090000 | Smoking helps me feel better in seconds | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoking_Feel_Better_When_FeelingGood | ||||
| PX520504370000 | Even when I feel good, smoking helps me feel more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoking_Helps_Me_Feel_Better | ||||
| PX520504330000 | Smoking really helps me feel better if I've more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoking_Helps_Me_Stay_Focused | ||||
| PX520504130000 | Smoking helps me stay focused | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoking_Helps_Me_Think_Better | ||||
| PX520504320000 | Smoking helps me think better | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoking_Keeps_Me_From_Overeating | ||||
| PX520504340000 | Smoking keeps me from overeating | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoking_Out_Of_Control | ||||
| PX520504350000 | My smoking is out of control | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Smoking_To_Control_Hunger | ||||
| PX520504070000 | I rely upon smoking to control my hunger and more | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Some_Cigarettes_Taste_Great | ||||
| PX520504200000 | Some of the cigarettes I smoke taste great | N/A | ||
| PX520504_Urges_To_Smoke_Get_Stronger | ||||
| PX520504230000 | My urges to smoke keep getting stronger if I more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances
Release Date
February 24, 2012
Definition
Instruments used separately to assess the motives (reasons) for drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, or using drugs.
Purpose
The purpose of this measure is to assess motives (reasons) for drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, or using drugs, by asking the respondent questions about his/her thoughts and motivations for such actions.The Working Group recommends that investigators incorporate two DMQ-R subscales (coping and enhancement) as core items to obtain general information on a variety of substances. The follow-up protocols (including the full version of the DMQ-R) can then be used to obtain detailed information on a single substance.
Keywords
addiction, alcohol, Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives, Brief WISDM, cigarette, Conformity, coping, Craving, desire, DMQ-R, Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised, Drugs, Enhancement, Illicit Drugs, marijuana, Marijuana Motives Measure, MMM, nicotine, SAA, social, substance abuse, tobacco, urge, Substance-specific Intermediate Phenotypes
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 520501 | Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - General |
| 520502 | Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances - Specific - Alcohol |
| 520504 | Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - Specific - Tobacco |
| 520506 | Motives - Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances - Specific - Drugs |
Publications
There are no publications listed for this protocol.